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TidBITS#505/08-Nov-99

Thinking about a big hard disk to store MP3 files? First read Jerry Kindall's roundup of Macintosh MP3 encoders to get the best bitrate for your buck. Also in this issue: was TidBITS marked as spam in your copy of Outlook Express 5.0? Find out why, and what Microsoft is doing about it. In the news, we cover Microsoft being found to be a monopoly, the results of our Mac interface poll, and updates to Eudora 4.2.2 and the Power Mac G4 (PCI Graphics) ROM.

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Copyright 1999 TidBITS Electronic Publishing. All rights reserved.
Information: <info@tidbits.com> Comments: <editors@tidbits.com>

This issue of TidBITS sponsored in part by:

MailBITS/08-Nov-99

Judge Finds Microsoft a Monopoly -- Last Friday U.S. District Court Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson released his "finding of fact" in the ongoing federal antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft Corporation, finding that Microsoft holds a monopoly in Intel-compatible PC operating systems. (For a history of Microsoft antitrust actions covered in TidBITS, including a detailed look at the current case in the two-part "Who Do You Antitrust?" article, see the article series linked below). He wrote in part, "Viewed together, three main facts indicate that Microsoft enjoys monopoly power. First, Microsoft's share of the market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems is extremely large and stable. Second, Microsoft's dominant market share is protected by a high barrier to entry. Third, and largely as a result of that barrier, Microsoft's customers lack a commercially viable alternative to Windows." For its part, Microsoft posted a letter from Bill Gates on its Web site saying, "We respectfully disagree with a number of the Court's findings, and believe the American legal system ultimately will affirm that Microsoft's actions and innovations were fair and legal, and have brought tremendous benefits to consumers, our industry and to the United States economy." The finding of fact is not a final ruling but would seem to indicate that Judge Jackson favors the arguments put forth by the Justice Department's prosecutors in the landmark antitrust case. A final ruling in the case is not expected until sometime next year, and appeals and settlement negotiations could cause the suit to drag out for some time yet. [ACE]

<http://usvms.gpo.gov/findfact.html>
<http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/trial/>
<http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbser=1152>

Eudora Pro 4.2.2 Update Released -- Qualcomm has released a free 4.1 MB updater that updates any release version (but not public beta) of Eudora Pro 4.x to version 4.2.2. The new version offers numerous small bug fixes that make this an important update for all 4.2.x users, along with one notable architectural change that's useful for people using Mac OS 9's Multiple Users feature. Starting with 4.2.2, new installations of Eudora store the Eudora Folder (which contains your mail, nicknames, filters, and settings) in the top-level Documents folder for the owner of a Mac; other users' Eudora Folders live in the Documents folders inside their individual folders within the Users folder. If you're upgrading an existing installation, Eudora is happy to continue using its current approach of storing the Eudora Folder in the System Folder. Along with supporting Multiple Users, this new approach means the Eudora Folder is more likely to be backed up, won't potentially be wiped out by clean installs, and will be indexed by Sherlock by default. [ACE]

<http://www.eudora.com/pro_email/updaters.html>

Power Mac G4 (PCI Graphics) ROM Update -- Apple has published a Mac OS ROM file update for users of Power Macintosh G4s (PCI Graphics) who are still running Mac OS 8.6. (An easy way to tell if your G4 uses PCI graphics instead of AGP graphics is that the PCI Graphics models have their microphone and speaker jacks oriented horizontally.) The Power Mac G4 ROM 1.8.1 Update, which may be downloaded as a 2.5 MB self-mounting disk image, resolves data corruption problems Apple discovered on Power Mac G4 (PCI Graphics) models when virtual memory is turned on and eliminates a crash with Adobe Photoshop when Extensis PhotoTools installed. The problems have already been addressed in Power Mac G4 (AGP Graphics) models and in Mac OS 9, so the update is unnecessary in those cases and will refuse to install. [MHA]

<http://asu.info.apple.com/swupdates.nsf/artnum/n11533>
<http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/>
<http://www.extensis.com/phototools/>

Poll Results: QuickTime & Sherlock Interfaces -- It's always off-putting when a politician wins a small majority of the vote and crows about a mandate from the people. However, the results of our most recent poll, where we asked if you thought Apple and other developers should make future user interfaces more like the "stylish" QuickTime Player and Sherlock 2, had us thinking about mandates from the people. To put it bluntly, people hate the design trend, with a full 95 percent of respondents answering that they don't want to see such interfaces used in the future.

Of course, these polls are not scientific, and this one merely records the opinions of about 950 TidBITS readers who had the time and interest to visit our home page and vote on this topic. But 95 percent? We can't tell Apple what to do (well, we can, but they won't listen), but it seems that a significant percentage of savvy Macintosh users feel strongly that this design trend should not point to the interfaces of the future. The message is perhaps better directed at the Macintosh developer community then, who can take home the message that interface innovation must be done with care and that you won't go wrong with following Apple's traditional human interface conventions. [ACE]

Quiz Preview: PRAM Got Ya Down? Let's take a brief break from polls this week and instead go for a quiz question that could help solve strange Mac problems. Every Mac stores a variety of important settings in something called "Parameter RAM" - PRAM for short. The contents of PRAM can become corrupted, causing no end of unusual behavior. For instance, our neighbors recently complained that their Performa 6400 wouldn't start up from the internal hard disk or from a CD-ROM. Booting from an external hard disk also failed, but I was finally able to get it to boot from floppy disk, after which I ran several disk utilities that reported no problems. Finally, I tried zapping the PRAM, which instantly restored the Mac to full working order. The question, then, is: how do you zap the PRAM? Since that many long-time Macintosh users will know the answer, there's bonus information on the quiz answer page, including a list of settings stored in PRAM. Visit our home page to test your knowledge or maybe even learn a little! [ACE]

<http://www.tidbits.com/>

Undesirable Behavior in OE 5.0 Junk Mail Filter

by Adam C. Engst <ace@tidbits.com>

One of the major new features in Microsoft's recently released Outlook Express 5.0 email client is its Junk Mail Filter, which, when turned on, examines incoming messages to determine whether or not you're likely to want to read those messages. The goal of the Junk Mail Filter is to identify spam, enabling users to avoid time-wasting or even offensive unsolicited commercial email. However, the Junk Mail Filter can produce unwanted results.

Microsoft's goal with the Junk Mail Filter is laudable - we all want to stamp out spam. Microsoft even took steps to avoid the problems that caused a similar feature in a beta version of the Windows Outlook Express 5.0 to engender a lawsuit from greeting card company Blue Mountain Arts. Unlike that beta Windows version, the Mac version leaves its Junk Mail Filter off by default, marks suspect messages instead of moving messages, and uses different filtering criteria and methods.

<http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-338013.html>

Unfortunately, after some research and thought, we feel that even the Mac version's Junk Mail Filter is problematic for companies using Internet email in legitimate ways. We heard almost immediately from readers that TidBITS was marked as spam by the Junk Mail Filter when its sensitivity slider was left in the default position. Although this behavior concerned us greatly, we were by no means alone, with legitimate email messages from other companies suffering similar electronic branding.

It may seem overly sensitive to quibble over being marked as spam, since users have several ways to override the Junk Mail Filter's actions after the fact. But on the Internet, business reputation is exceedingly important, and the damage done to a company's reputation if its email were marked as spam could be significant. We weren't concerned about our long-time readers being confused, but given Microsoft's size and industry position, a new subscriber could easily decide to believe Outlook Express's marking and think that TidBITS was spam. If that person decided to broadcast the information widely on the Internet, or if that person was a decision-maker at an organization or potential sponsor, our efforts to attract new subscribers and sponsors could easily be harmed. Other companies we spoke with had similar concerns.

Since we believed that the Outlook Express designers had acted with good intentions, we contacted them and explained our concerns. After some discussion of the specifics of our situation and the possible effects on us and other email-using companies, Microsoft agreed to do the following:

Finally, it's important to note that we are in no way accusing Microsoft of attempting to harm TidBITS or any other company. Although we're unhappy that this Junk Mail Feature proved problematic for us and others, we're pleased that Microsoft is responding promptly and appropriately.

Making MP3s, Part 2

by Jerry Kindall <kindall@manual.com>

The recent popularity of MP3 goes beyond downloading music files from the Internet. Using MP3 encoding software, you can make MP3 files from music CDs you already own. The first part of this article discussed the ins and outs of MP3 encoding (see "Making MP3s, Part 1" in TidBITS-504); this week we present the results of donning headphones and making MP3s from five popular encoding programs.

<http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=05636>

Xing AudioCatalyst 2.0.1 -- AudioCatalyst was the first fast MP3 encoder for the Mac, and the first that could encode audio directly from CD without first saving it to your hard disk. While the initial release didn't have all the features of its Windows predecessor, AudioCatalyst 2.0 now enjoys parity with its Windows sibling.

<http://www.xingtech.com/mp3/audiocatalyst/>

The program feels like a Windows port, and its options are buried in different dialog boxes. Still, it sports a number of features its competitors don't. For one thing, it can automatically normalize the volume level of CD tracks before encoding them. (Many older CDs are mastered at comparatively low levels. Normalizing boosts the signal to take advantage of the full available dynamic range.) It also has a function to snip silence from the beginning and the end of a track automatically.

AudioCatalyst's panoply of features defined our expectations for other MP3 encoders. AudioCatalyst can look up track names for audio CDs from the Internet CD Database (CDDB), so you don't have to name the resulting files, and it enables you to specify how you want the files to be named (e.g., track number + song title + artist name) and will optionally create a folder for each album and yet another enclosing folder outside that named after the artist.

<http://www.cddb.com/>

AudioCatalyst was the first Mac MP3 encoder to create MP3s with the full audible frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 KHz. (Older MP3 encoders cut off frequencies at 16 KHz.) At sufficiently high bitrates, this brings MP3 closer to CD-quality realism, although at lower bitrates, this barely audible data can cause the representation of the rest of the audio spectrum to suffer. Like almost all its features, AudioCatalyst lets you turn off extended-range encoding.

AudioCatalyst pioneered variable bitrate encoding (VBR), a feature that automatically increases the number of bits used to encode complicated or dense passages of music, while using a lower bitrate for simpler passages. Standard MP3 encoding, sometimes referred to as constant bitrate or CBR, uses the same number of bits per second throughout the file. VBR can substantially increase the quality of some MP3s with only a modest increase in file size. Some older MP3 players can't play VBR files, and neither can QuickTime 4, but most current players can handle them.

AudioCatalyst is the only program in this roundup that can MP3-encode live audio from your computer's microphone or audio line inputs. With the other encoders, you must first record the audio to an AIFF-format audio file using a program like the free Coaster, then encode that file as MP3.

<http://www.in.tum.de/~rothc/coaster.html>

If you need one of the features only AudioCatalyst provides, or if you will be converting a whole flock of files, no other program even comes close to offering as much functionality as AudioCatalyst. At $30, it's price-competitive with the other full-featured encoders in this roundup, and it's by far the most flexible. It's also one of the fastest and produces very good-sounding files. (In our low-bitrate torture test, it came in second.) However, the program's user interface is unnecessarily cluttered and complicated, so if you just want to convert a few favorite songs to MP3 without much fuss, one of the other programs would probably be better.

Casady & Greene SoundJam MP 1.1 -- SoundJam MP is both an MP3 player and an encoder. It can act as an audio CD controller and play streaming MP3 broadcasts from the Internet as well. (See "That MP3eaceful, Easy Feeling, Part 2" in TidBITS-501 for more on SoundJam.)

<http://www.soundjam.com/>
<http://db.tidbits.com/getbits.acgi?tbart=05603>

SoundJam is a good choice if you want to create MP3s and listen to them in a single program. Like its playback-only competitors Audion and Macast, it comes with a variety of "skins" for changing the program's appearance and supports both audio and visual effects plug-ins. It's the only player that supports Arboretum's Realizer plug-in, which is a fancy alternative to an equalizer that employs psychoacoustic principles to boost the audibility of bass on small computer speakers, enhance the stereo image, and synthesize missing high frequencies.

Despite getting high marks for value, SoundJam's current encoder functionality isn't competitive with the other encoders. The program has CDDB support for automatically naming your files and can create an enclosing folder named after the album. It also supports optional full-frequency (20 Hz to 20 KHz) encoding and can automatically switch out of this mode when encoding at lower bitrates. Even when encoding the full frequency range, however, SoundJam-encoded files sound a little soft and muffled compared to MP3s made by other programs. (Judgments of sound quality are extremely subjective, and there is little difference between any of the programs we looked at for bitrates of at least 128 Kbps. SoundJam 1.1 didn't do well on our torture test, unfortunately.)

The authors of SoundJam are aware of the product's sonic shortcomings and are working diligently to remedy them. After we published the first part of this roundup, Jeffrey Robbin sent us a beta version of a new version of SoundJam. He noted that some of the features weren't finalized, and in fa